Many books have been written about the life of Makarios Muscos, the first president of Cyprus and Primate of the Cyprus Orthodox Church. It is possible to talk about his life path for a long time, but it is useful for everyone who lives in Cyprus is useful in general terms, through which this outstanding person, a true leader of the Cyprus people, went through in his life, what were his achievements and mistakes. Below are the main dates and events of his life in the format of chronology.
August 13, 1913: Mikhail Muskos was born in the village of Pano Panaya.
June 1926: Mikhail graduated from elementary school in his village.
September 1926: He entered the novice in the Kikk Monastery.
June 1936: He graduated from training at the All -Chipsn Gymnasium.
August 07, 1938: ordained a deacon by Metropolitan Pafoan Leonty.
September 1938: He entered the theological faculty of the University of Athens, which he graduated in 1942, after which he entered the faculty of jurisprudence, as he could not return to Cyprus due to the occupation of Greece by the Nazis.
January 13, 1946: ordered to the priest Metropolitan by the Argirocastra Panteleimon (Elladsky Orthodox Church) and immediately after that he was erected to the rank of archimandrite in the temple of St. Irina in Athens.
January-August 1946: served as rector of the church of St. Paraskeva in Kallipolis (Greece).
September 1946: I received a scholarship for studying in the USA.
January 1947: He entered the University of Boston for the department of sociology of religion.
April 08, 1948: In Cyprus, in his absence, Makarios is elected Metropolitan of Kiti.
June 09, 1948: Makarios interrupts his studies in Boston and returns to Cyprus.
June 13, 1948: Makarios is ordained at the Metropolitan of Chitic Archbishop Makariy II in the Cathedral of St. John the Theologian in Nicosia.
October 03, 1948: Makarios first addresses the people with political speech at the People’s Assembly arranged by the Akel party in Nicosia.
1949: Travels to Istanbul and Greece.
January 15, 1950: Makarios proposes to vote for the accession of Cyprus to Greece, which takes place on January 15.
October 20, 1950: unanimously elected Archbishop of Cyprus after the death of the previous archbishop, Macarius II. On the same day, its intronization takes place.
March 13, 1951: goes to Athens, where he first meets with Colonel Georgios Gryvas.
April 25, 1952: convenes the first all Cyprus National Assembly in Nicosia.
June 06, 1952: He goes to Athens for negotiations, accuses the Greek government of fluctuations and a sluggish decision on the accession of Cyprus.
October 20, 1952: goes to New York to observe the work of the UN General Assembly. He visits many American cities where he is negotiating with representatives of Greek and Cyprus diasporas.
April 27, 1953: Returning to Cyprus, sends a letter to Governor Sir Andrew Wright, demanding self -determination for the Cyprus people.
August 10, 1953: Turns to the UN, demanding that the Cyprus people have the right to self -determination.
July 23, 1954: convenes the second Cyprus National Assembly.
July 22, 1954: It makes a revolutionary speech for the independence of Cyprus, known as the "Oath in Panneris Square."
September 29, 1954: goes to the UN headquarters in New York, on the way there, in Athens, meets with Colonels Grivas and gives him good at the beginning of the liberation struggle for the independence of Cyprus.
April 15, 1955: goes to Indonesia, where he takes part in the Bandung Conference, which gave rise to the "Non -Movement movement."
August 26, 1955: convenes the third Cyprus National Assembly.
October 04, 1955: meets with Governor Sir John Harding, with whom he discusses the solution of the Cyprus issue (this expression was then called the issue of the future of Cyprus).
February 29, 1956: negotiations with Harding are suddenly interrupted.
March 09, 1956: Makarios was arrested and sent to exile to the Seychelles.
March 28, 1957: Related from exile, provided that you never appear in Cyprus again.
April 17, 1957: arrives in Athens, where he settles.
September-November 1957: goes to the UN.
February 1958: secretly found in Athens with Sir Hugh, the new governor of Cyprus.
February 19, 1959: in London, signs an agreement concluded earlier in Zurich between Greece and Turkey, which stipulates the independence of Cyprus.
March 01, 1959: Returns to Cyprus for the first time after the link.
December 13, 1959: The first presidential elections are held in Cyprus, in which Makarios defeats his rival Joannis Cleardis.
August 16, 1960: officially becomes president of Cyprus.
September 1961: He takes part in the Belgrade Conference, which gave the official beginning of the movement of non -alignment.
November 30, 1963: Invites to revise the 13 points of the Constitution to abolish the double-industrial nature of statehood (in particular, to cancel the veto’s right to political decisions from Turks-Cypriots), making the Republic of Cyprus exclusively Greek. The first intercommunic clashes begin, Turks-kipriots are sent to reservation.
June 1964: Allows General Gryvas to return to Cyprus to take on the command of the Cyprus army.
August 1964: Makarios opposes the plans of the American diplomat Dina Achecon, who proposed to share Cyprus between Greece and Turkey. Makarios turns for help to the USSR and the UN.
February 25, 1968: Wins the second presidential election.
March 08, 1970: A attempt on Makarios in Nicosia takes place.
March 15, 1970: Makarios learns about the conspiracy against him.
May 28, 1970: The first intra -church clash with the Metropolitan of the Cyprus Church.
March 1971: Organizes the Orthodox mission in Kenya.
June 11, 1971: Ambassador of Greece passes the letter of dictator of the papadopoulos, which threatens Makarios “take measures” to Makarios.
September 03, 1971: goes to Athens for negotiations. General Gryvas builds intrigues against the president.
March 02, 1972: Three Metropolitans demand Makarios's resignation from the post of president.
March 26, 1972: Makarios secretly meets Grivas in Nicosia.
March 1972: The organization of EOKA-2 is born.
September 19, 1972: Makarios is trying to agree with the bishop, but he does not succeed.
February 08, 1973: He is the only candidate in the third presidential election.
March 07, 1973: Three Metropolitans announce the deposition of Makarios from the post of Archbishop of Cyprus.
July 1973: Makarios convenes a meeting of the Synod and removes from the posts of three metropolitans opposed to him.
May-August 1973: Special services reveal three conspiracies against the president.
October 7, 1973: an attempt to kill Makarios next to the village of Hegios Sergios.
January 27, 1974: Dies Georgios Gryvas.
April 25, 1974: EOKA-2 organization is outlawed
July 15, 1974: putsch. Macarios is hiding from the conspirators and then flies to London.
July-December 1974: Makarios is located abroad, negotiating with the governments of different countries, acts at the UN.
December 7, 1974: returns to Cyprus.
August 1975: Another plan of attempt on Makarios is disclosed.
January-February 1977: Twice meets with Rauf Dextash in Nicosia to discuss possible ways to get out of the crisis and reunification of Cyprus.
July 20, 1977: The last public performance.
August 03, 1977: The death of Makarios Muscos.
August 08, 1977: Makarios was buried on the mountain of throne at the Kikk monastery.
Photo: Hagai Agmon-snir / Wikipedia.org (Cropped), CC by-SA 4.0
This article was first published in the "Vestnik Cyprus" on January 8, 2022. Part of the information could be outdated.
